In Greek there is the word "scolios", which is translated as "bent".In this word, the doctor shows the curvature of the spinal column.In addition, not all curves, namely lateral deviations from the vertical axis of the spine.The fact is that usually our spine is even imperfect.Bend available in the front and back (Lordoses and Kyphosis) protect our spine from excessive load while maintaining the body in a certain position when moving and carrying a burden.The negative process in our body only develops in cases where Kyphosis and Tuan are expressed exceeding the permitted norms.
Main problem
However, even a small level of lateral (scoliosis) spine has always been a pathology.And the point is not only in cosmetic defects.Although a disgusting appearance with characteristics with spoken or progressive scoliosis is always a tragedy for someone who tries to live a high -quality life.This is especially true for boys and girls.Indeed, in the period of children and adolescents (up to 15-16 years) that most scoliosis is diagnosed.
The main problem is that due to changes in configuration and chest volume with real lateral curvature, internal organs always suffer (heart, lungs, stomach, liver, intestine, large blood vessels).In men, tolerance to physical activity is reduced, women have problems with conception, bear pregnancy and give birth to children.In addition, very often the lateral deformation of the spine is only the surface of the iceberg, which is a sign of a much more serious pathology - tumor, tuberculosis, endocrine disorders.
Reason
So why is the spine disabled?Before answering the question, you must decide on the type of scoliosis.In essence, scoliosis can be structural and not structural.Structural scoliosis develops due to anatomical changes in the structure of vertebral bone tissue, as well as muscles, nerves, and ligament equipment located nearby.Such thunder can be obtained and innate, and about a quarter of all scoliosis diagnosed with the last contribute.
Among the main reasons for the development of structural scoliosis, they distinguish:
- Intrauterine development pole that causes one or more vertebraous display displast
- Abnormalities in congenital chest - lack of ribs, additional ribs
- Congenital pathology Tissue connection - neurofibromatosis, marfan syndrome
- Brain failure due to the paralysis of the child's brain (cerebral palsy), which causes the nervous violations of certain parts of the spine
- Osteoporosis (bone -it) from the spine in the rakhis, parathyroid gland disease, lack of calcium intake with food
- Vertebral osteomyelitis
- Changes in the distribution of cervical muscles, thoracic and lumbar
- Tuberculosis damage to the vertebral
- Spinal injury
- Spinal tumor.
Non -structural scoliosis, as follows from a very name, is a lateral deviation from the spinal column axis with unchanging vertebral structures.As a rule, such scoliosis is most often obtained by the exception of cases where the curvature is compensation with the congenital anatomical defect of the pelvis or lower limb.The causes of scoliosis like that most often:
- Pelvic injury and lower extremities
- Congenital disabilities of the pelvis and lower extremities
- Posture that is not right at school
- Internal Organ Disease with Pain Syndrome Expressed asymmetrically
- Muscle inflammation (myocytes)
- Burns, a soft cloth on one side.
In these cases, to eliminate the curvature of the spine, it is enough to cure the underlying disease, and therefore many scoliosis that is not structural is easily reversed.In this case, some doctors tend not to take into account non -structural deformation for general scoliosis.
Recently, the case of the development of scoliosis with unclear causes becomes more frequent.This is an idiopathic scoliosis called SO.This happens in youth, during a fast period of body growth.In addition, girls suffer from idiopathic scoliosis several times more often than young men.Apparently, this is caused by the relatively weak muscles of the back of the female, which is unable to attach the spine in a full muscle frame.The diet is not balanced with low calcium salt, and general desires for adolescents with carbonated drinks play the last role in the development of idiopathic scoliosis.As you know, carbon dioxide in bubbles and orthophosphate acid in synthetic inclusion contributes to the washing of calcium salt from the body.
Varieties and titles
Depending on localization, scoliosis can be cervical, chest, lumbar or mixture (cervix, lumbosacral).It is possible to have one or more curved arc.In this case, scoliosis shaped-C (with 1 arc), shaped S (with 2 arcs) and Z-shaped (with 3 arcs) is distinguished.Most likely, the existence of 2 or 3 arc is compensation.With C scoliosis, the spinal column axis deviates.In an effort to compensate for this, the spine bent in the opposite direction.In this case, scoliosis is divided into compensation and is not compensated.In the compensated spine curvature, the vertical line is reduced from the 7th cervical vertebrae through the folds between the buttocks.
The curvature of the spine is often combined.For example, in the thoracic area, in addition to lateral curvature, pathological kyphosis is recorded, or just a hump.In this case, talking about thoracic kyphoscoliosis.In addition, with a large degree of scoliosis, in addition to lateral vertebral transfer, Thuria is recorded.In literal translations, this means rotating.Indeed, with many scoliosis, vertebral bone tissue is twisted along the vertical axis.
Depending on the size of the curvature arc angle, 4 degrees scoliosis is distinguished:
- 1 degree- The curvature angle does not exceed 10 degrees.Asymmetry with practically unspecified eyes.Home, the level of girdle shoulder is not equal, pay attention.
- 2 degrees- The angle of curvature is from 11 to 25 degrees.So far, the vertebra has been recorded.There is an asymmetry of the shoulder girdle and pelvis seen in the eye.Due to pathological muscle tension, muscle rollers are formed in the lumbar area from the concave side, and in the chest area-with convex.
- 3 degrees- Writication is from 26 to 50 degrees.Visible chest deformation - west of the intercostal room C on the sunken side of the curvature and bulging with convex.Weakening of the stomach press, internal residence formation.
- 4 degrees- The angle of my curvature exceeds 50 degrees.Cosmetic defects and all the previous signs are expressed.Low tolerance and even small physical power.In addition to the musculoskeletal system, internal organs suffer.
Angles can vary depending on the position of the body, while stable and unstable scoliosis is distinguished.With unstable scoliosis, it is reduced in a position lying when the load in the spinal column is reduced.With a stable curvature of the spine, this value remains unchanged.
Symptom
Recently, orthopedicists often use the term "scoliotic disease".And they show a complex negative change that occurs in the body during the curvature of the spine.As a rule, scoliotic disease develops during the time of Kanak -Kanakak and adolescents, during the formation of a musculoskeletal system.At this time, there is a possibility that scoliosis will develop.
Apparently, intervertebral discs play an important role in increasing the angle of curvature.With side transfer, disk experiences unequal pressure from the vertebral body.On the sunken side, this pressure is bigger, with convex - less.As a result of this, the disk is more worn out due to scoliosis, pathological muscle tension (muscle roller) and vertebral torque made - all of this leads to the appearance of disk hernias and further increase in the angle of curvature.
Along with the spine with scoliotic disease, the chest changes second.The ribs called SO are formed - on the convex side of the curvature, the intercostal space expands, and from concave - on the contrary, they are sprinkled.With scoliosis in the 4th degree, the chest deformation is so spoken that the lower ribs on the side of the curvature touching by rowing iliac bones.
Because of severe chest deformation, full journey during breathing is difficult.As a result, the body with severe scoliosis does not receive the amount of oxygen needed - Chronic hypoxia called SO develops with violations of all metabolic processes in the body.Pathology is exacerbated by the fact that the internal volume and form of changes in the chest cavity.Therefore, blood circulation through the vessels is disturbed, lungs suffer from, a form of heart change, chronic cardiovascular failure develops.
Similar changes occur in abdominal organs for lumbar and scoliosis lumbosacral.Gastric and intestinal motor decreases with subsequent enzymatic insufficiency from the digestive glands.All of this only worsens metabolic disorders.This violation often causes sexual maturation that is late from boys and girls.In addition, because scoliosis lumbar, curved pelvis for the second time.This creates problems for future mothers with pregnancy and giving birth to children.
Diagnostic
The diagnosis of scoliosis, especially a large degree, as a rule, is not difficult.To detect spinal deformation, common visual examination is often sufficient.The curvature seen from the contour of the spine, asymmetry of the shoulder girdle, the corner of the shoulder knife, the pelvic secondary curvature and the lower limb on the curvature side is worth noting.
In front of at least one of these signs, the radiography of the spinal column is shown.X -Ray determines configuration, degrees, and localization of curvature.During inspection and radiological examination, it is possible to determine whether scoliosis is compensated and stable.Recently, a qualitative new research method of Spine-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been spread, where the three-dimensional spine image can be obtained on the monitor screen.With a significant curvature, it is necessary to investigate the work of internal organs - to carry out spirometry, electrocardiography, and do heart ultrasound and internal organs.
Treatment
Treatment of scoliosis can be done both conservatively and immediately.Conservative methods include drug care, massage, physiotherapy procedures, and manual therapy.It must be remembered that the final formation of the spine ends at the age of 20, and after this age, the curvature correction is almost impossible.With scoliosis 1-2 degrees, efforts aim to achieve normal and normal spinal configuration.With a real scoliosis at the 3rd -4 degree, this cannot be achieved, the main thing here is to stabilize the spine and prevent the development of scoliosis.
Drugs (conrroprotectors, vitamins, general reinforcement drugs) in the treatment of scoliosis only play an additional role.To strengthen the muscles, remove muscle rollers, and even most to stabilize the spine with the help of massage and manual therapy.A good effect is given by physiotherapy exercises.But here, with inadequate physical activity, spinal instability is increased and scoliosis develops.Therefore, a set of exercise is developed for each patient individually, taking into account localization and severity of curvature.With a large level of scoliosis, running, strength training, jumps, outdoor games are contraindicated.
Very good results provide corrections to the position - optimal poses made that contribute to the normalization of posture.For this, a special device is used, an orthopedic bed where young patients spend most of their time.With the ineffectiveness of conservative measures, the development of curvature, surgical treatment aimed at stabilizing the spine is indicated.Surgical correction is not shown in early childhood, carried out in adolescence, when the formation of the spine is almost complete.